How Sequestration and Mandatory Federal Spending Cuts Work

Sequestration is the federal governments way of applying mandatory spending cuts across most programs and agencies during the budgeting process. Members of Congress use sequestration to reduce spending across the board when the governments annual deficit reaches a point that is unacceptable to them. Congress imposed spending caps on discretionary portions of federal spending through 2021, a move that was designed to save taxpayers about $1.2 trillion over nearly a decade. Sequestration  Definition The Congressional Research Service defines sequestration  this way: In general, sequestration entails the permanent cancellation of budgetary resources by a uniform percentage. Moreover, this uniform percentage reduction is applied to all programs, projects, and activities within a budget account. However, the current sequestration procedures, as in previous iterations of such procedures, provide for exemptions and special rules. That is, certain programs and activities are exempt from sequestration, and certain other programs are governed by special rules regarding the application of a sequester. Whats Affected By Sequestration When Congress uses sequestration, spending cuts happen to to both military and non-military spending, including important social programs such as Medicare. Most of the mandatory spending cuts come from non-military agencies and programs in the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Education, Energy, Environmental Protection, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, NASA and Transportation. Whats Not Affected by Sequestration Several programs — most notable those for senior citizens, veterans and the poor — are exempt from sequestration cuts. They include Social Security, Veterans Affairs, Medicaid, food stamps and Supplemental Security Income. Medicare, however, is subject to automatic cuts under sequestration. Its spending cannot be reduced by more than 2 percent, however. Also exempt from sequestration are congressional salaries. So even though federal works are furloughed or laid off to save money, elected officials still get paid. Sequestration  History The idea of imposing automatic spending cuts in the federal budget was first put in place by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. Sequestration is rarely used, however, because of the negative consequences severe spending cuts have on programs and services for citizens. Even when Congress uses sequestration, it does so as a political tool to force voluntarily spending reductions and often doesnt allow the full cuts to take effect. Modern Examples of Sequestration The most recent sequester was used in the Budget Control Act of 2011 to encourage Congress to reduce the annual deficit by $1.2 trillion by the end of 2012. When lawmakers failed to do so, the law triggered automatic budget cuts to the 2013 national security budget. A super Congress made up of a select group of 12 members of both the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate was chosen in 2011 to identify ways to reduce the national debt by $1.2 trillion over 10 years. The super Congress failed to reach an agreement, however. The sequestration cuts imposed in the 2011 legislation took effect in 2013 and continue through 2021. Opposition to Sequestration Critics of sequestration say spending cuts threaten national security through Defense Department reductions and harm the economy because federal works are often furloughed or laid off. These cuts will make it harder to grow our economy and create jobs by affecting our ability to invest in important priorities like education, research and innovation, public safety, and military readiness, said President Barack Obama, who was in office when the sequestration cuts of 2013 took effect.

Essay on Hinduism and Buddhism - 1021 Words

Throughout the world, different nations have different beliefs or religion. Some religions evolve from others, and others are combination of other religions. Religion is a way of life, a lifestyle; it should dictate how you live your life. For instance, in India, Buddhism evolved from Hinduism, a religion were people believe in 300, 000 gods. Even though, Hinduism and Buddhism have different similarities such as believes in god, soul, and rituals, which in some ways connected to each other, both religions believe of what happens after life. Although Buddhism evolved from Hinduism it differs from Hinduism in god beliefs. According to Buddhists there is no God, but they reverence the Buddha and his teachings as though he were one.†¦show more content†¦Vishnu, to his worshipers, is all-powerful and supreme. He is believed to be to god from whose navel a lotus sprang giving birth to Brahma, the creator. Vishnu created the universe by separating the heavens and the earth and has rescued it on a number of occasions. As Hopfe and Woodward state â€Å"Vishnu is known as a god of love, benevolence, and forgiveness (Hinduism 94).† â€Å" In some incarnations, he has come as a man.† (94). The third popular god is Brahma, the creator of the world. Since Buddhism and Hinduism have different believes they also have different holy days. Moreover, because Hindus worship variety of gods they have a variety of festivals. The three main festivals of Hinduism are: Holi, Divali, and Dasehra. Holi is the most popular festival. This holy day is celebrated each year during February-March to welcome spring. â€Å"Holi is dedicated to god Krishna and it was once a fertility ceremony (104).† Throughout the days of Holi, many of the casts and taboo restrictions are set aside and pleasure is emphasized. The second ceremony Divali, celebrated in November, is a festival to welcome a new year. Finally the third festival, the Dasehra, celebrated up to nine days in October, in honor of Durga, a consort of Shiva. On the other hand Buddhism is divided in many ways according to philosophy and geography. The major festivals that are celebrated by most Buddhists are New Year, Buddha’s birthday, the festival of souls, and robe offering . InShow MoreRelatedHinduism, Hinduism And Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 Pagesafterlife has become a controversial subject across many religions. Religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have provided a multitude of similar and different analysis behind their specific beliefs and practices. Similar to many religions practiced around the world, Hinduism portrays a great amount of belief in worshipping gods that they believe play a special role in their history. Though when speaking of Hinduism, I should mention that it does not consist of a single, dominant religion. It is aRead MoreHinduism : Buddhism And Hinduism1045 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheast Asia, particularly India, is the birthplace of many religions. India is where these two religions arose: Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient belief system derived from the lifestyle of Southeast Asia. It still has a strong presence in its place of origin and it is characterized as a family of religions. An offspring of Hinduism, Buddhism is also a family of religions, except it has less of a strong presence in its place of birth. Yet, situated to the East area of the worldRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1276 Words   |  6 PagesOut of the worlds many beliefs and religions, Buddhism and Hinduism make of about 20% of them (The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050). Hinduism and Buddhism are the most influential and popular in the eastern hemisphere, mostly in and around the Asian continent. These two religions have similar ideologies. So much so that many say that Buddhism is an appendage of Hinduism. Such religions have different religious structures, which allow broader interpr etations toRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism and Buddhism Park University Desmond Hutchinson RE307 â€Æ' Abstract Both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India a very different world and origin than the other main religions. What is now called Hinduism began in India around 2000 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Minorities in religion Hinduism and Buddhism are still well known and are growing in its followers from all over the world not just limited to the traditional geographical locations. Hinduism and Buddhism are differentRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, And Hinduism1817 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed today. Most of these religions are based off the belief in a god, or have a moral code that they need to follow in order to appease their god or achieve salvation in the afterlife. Three religions that will be highlighted here are Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. In each of these three religions, they all share some religious tenets, or beliefs, that is universally accepted amongst all religions around the world and throughout history. Some of these tenets include the belief in a god or a SupremeRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreBuddhism and Hinduism881 Words   |  3 PagesSome awesome title I make Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the most philosophical religions around the world. Both religions stem from India before the Common Era and hold ranks as being one of the top five main religions around the world, therefore, having similar origins and philosophies. Hinduism places third as an organized religion and is much older than Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism have lasted for centuries and today is widely practiced among the world. Hinduism is considered to be monotheisticRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism976 Words   |  4 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s most influential and greatest religions. Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the awakened one (Abrams), and Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s greatest religions (Rice). Both of these religions arose in South Asia, thus they share similar culture and philosophy; however, they also contrast greatly with each other in many other aspects. By comparing the rituals of worship of the two religions it is proven that Hinduism worships variousRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism1909 Words   |  8 Pages Maryann Lyons Summer 2015 homework A: Hinduism and Buddhism Reflection Answers: 1. I believe that people aren t allowed to leave the caste they are born into because in this religion, they believe that all of your sins and good deeds from your former life are added up to place you in a caste for this life. So, with that being said, if someone leaves their caste it would be considered unfair. 2. In my opinion, Hinduism values religion more than money and nobility. They have a high

Marketing in Principles Customer Value in Woolworths

Question: Discuss about the Marketing in Principlesfor Customer Value in Woolworths. Answer: Introduction: Customer Value and Relationships in Woolworth Limited Marketing is a fundamental process in any profit making organization since it ensures the growth and financial wellbeing in an organization (Raab, 2008, p.123). A business firm sources more than 75% of its total revenues from the sales. Hence, it is vital to continue increasing the market to a firms product to enable organizational intensification and expansion. A market is made up of variables that include the products, customers, competitors, the organization and the legal body system (Malhotra, 2008, p.92). Each of these variables influences the behaviour in the marketing efforts of a product. For an organization to attain larger market share, it ought to manage effectively all the variables that affect its products Market size (Godson, 2009, p.67). For this discussion, we comprehensively confer on a decision to close some underperforming Woolworth outlets as featured in The Sidney Morning Herald newspaper dated July 26, 2016. The article in the SMH newspaper was entitled Woolwort hs t carefully choreograph store closures, authored by Catie Low. Woolworths Limited is a multinational retail outlet enlisted in various stock markets worldwide and featured in various international business magazines and publications. Woolworths Limited operates in various business specialization and subsidiaries including supermarkets, groceries, home wares, clothes, foods, and beauty stores. Early 2016, Woolworths Limited outlined her interest to terminate operation of its 27 outlets that were performing poorly. However, this was not effect following Retail insider suggestions that it would pave ways for its competitors. The closure of 27 Woolworth outlets meant more than 500 employees would lose their jobs. This was speculated to not only affect the fired employees but also affect negatively the organizations reputation to the public. According to Catie (2016), the poor performance of the Woolworths outlets was due to business closeness of the same organizations brand. For firm to gain a wider market size of its products, the business location is of high significance. Strategic location of a business is convenient for the accessibility and convenient of the customers (Smyth, 2015 p. 47). Like in the case of Woolworths stores, their concentration at one area appeared monotonous to the potential customers. Being situated in an area where there are many different business establishment operating in varied lines of business is a viable marketing strategy since it ensures complimentary shopping to the visiting customers. On the other hand, being located in an area where there many outlets offering similar products enable a business to be on its toes in boosting its services. A perfect competition market is essential for ensuring creativity and innovativeness to the business. However, being in an area where there are completely different business specialties ensures monopoly of a business. Effective customer relationship marketing is very essential for the management welfare of the organization (Rosa Viswanathan, 2007, p.81). It does not only increase the market size of an organizations products but also ensure good image of a business. Customer relationship marketing is the process through which a business constructs customer loyalty and brands its value to both its clients and the entire members of the public that have direct or indirect interest to the organization. For the Woolworth organization to flourish in its underperforming business outlets, it ought to deploy marketing strategies geared to enhancing customer relationship marketing. Customer relationship marketing is constructed through various marketing strategies that include the warranties, fair pricing, quality, business reputation, convenience, and product brand. A business organization must resourcefully invest in customer relationship marketing to yield from for its strategies. Through fair pricing, Woolworth Limited would construct a sense of care to its customers. Since Woolworth is not a production-based organization, its fair pricing strategy would be perceived to more customer pockets concerns than inferiority of the products. Unlike in retail business, where you find fair pricing is perceived as customer care incentive, production based firms are mistaken by some people to be offering less quality products. Warranties are marketing incentives that create trust of a given product to the customer. By offering a warranty, the business firm takes the responsibility of compensating a customer exactly the same product should it develop defects before the expiry f the warranty period (Smyth, 2015 p. 89). Through offering a warranty, business proves to their clients that they do not offer durable and quality products and services, but also concerned about the wellbeing of the customers assets. This increases the customer value as well promotes a firms reputation. Ease of accessibility and location of a business assists to boost businesss customer value and enhancement of its products market size (Robbins Coulter, 2005, p.xx). To ensure great performance in the degrading Woolworths stores, the management team ought to employ marketing strategies that are inclined to constructing effective customer relationships. Good relationship for an organization and its competitors is a key to viable busine ss environment for expansion (Buttle, 2004, p. 113). For an organization to attain effectively legal trustworthy from both the state and members of the public, it ought to compete perfectly with other firms that offer similar products. In conclusion, effective marketing is the primary key to business wellbeing. The prime objective of any marketing effort is to construct and improve the market size of a businesss products and services. Hence, business organizations should be ready and willing to invest both technologically and financially in marketing in to expand in their operations. Large business enterprises enjoy high levels of economies of scale compared to small and medium business firms. The management in Woolworth business ought to be ready for intensive marketing consultation and investment to attain improved sales in their underperforming outlets. A good marketing strategy will be in hardy in cushioning them from the challenges that may ruin their business. Robust marketing of its products is what Woolworth requires and closing down of its outlets should come as the last option. References Buttle,F. (2004).Customer relationship management: Concepts and tools. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Godson,M. (2009).Relationship marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Malhotra,N.K. (2008).Review of marketing research: Volume 4. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Raab,G. (2008).Customer relationship management: A global perspective. Aldershot, Hampshire: Gower. Robbins,S.P., Coulter,M.K. (2005).Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Rosa,J.A., Viswanathan,M. (2007).Product and market development for subsistence marketplaces. Amsterdam: Elsevier/JAI. Smyth,H. (2015).Market management and project business development. Catie, L. (July 26, 2010). Woolworths to carefully choreograph store closures. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/woolworths-to-carefully-choreograph-store-closures-********-gqe1y5.html

The Maintenance of the Employee Engagement at Harrods

Question: Discuss the theories of motivation and engagement, application of the motivation theory and strategic HRM process undertaken by Harrods? Answer: Introduction The concept of the employee engagement signifies the commitments and contributions of the employees that serve for the organisational benefits. The dedication and the involvement of such skilled employees determine the loyalty level towards the organisation (Hendry 2012). The human resource management is considered as the driving for engaging such employees and providing them the comfortable environment within the organisation. The study aims to generate the ideas of the structured HRM process as per the case study. The study is reflecting the case study based on the maintenance of the employee engagement at Harrods, which is a renowned retail departmental store in London (Harrodscareers.com 2016). The application of the theory based analysis for determining the motivational factors that are necessary to engage the employees will be associated in this study. The usefulness of the strategic human resource process will also be discussed. Based on the analysis of such segments, the just ified recommendation will be established. Theories of Motivation and Engagement According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), the effective performance level of the employees ensures the progressive attributes of an organisation. The human resource management has been playing the major role in recruiting, motivating and retaining the skilled employees that can be beneficial for the organisation (Bratton and Gold 2012). It is important for the human resource faculty to ensure the motivational factors that can enhance their performance level and provide them the comfortable scenario that can retain them for the future prospects (Mone and London 2014). As per the case study, the human resource management of Harrods has considered few of the aspects for motivating the employees and retaining them for future. Application of the Motivation Theory McGregors Theory X and Theory Y: In keeping concentration on the employee motivational aspect, Douglas McGregor introduced the theory X and theory Y. The application of theory X considers the likings and disliking of the employees while they have been working under an organisation (Arslan and Staub 2013). In such cases, the human resource management needs to concentrate on the needs and the requirements of the employees and the managers monitor the works of the employees more frequently. As per this theoretical perspective, it can be stated that the managers of theory X provide the employees rewards or even can give punishments for the discrepancy. On the other hand, the managers of theory Y are focusing on providing the employees the comfortable scenario that can bring efficiency to their performance level. Since, the workers or the employees are considered as the important asset of the organisation, it is important to provide them the suitable scenario that can bring efficiency to their performance level. Moreover, providing them the comfortable scenario is even effective enough to retain them for the future prospects. Russ (2013) implied that the employees extract the satisfaction from both their mental and physical works. If the employees can feel the importance of their presence within the organisation, it helps them in motivating for the better performance attributes. The discussion of the motivational theory is associated with the employee engagement factors. While working within an organisation, different employee can oft for different benefits. Hence, sometimes it is difficult to fulfil their demands as per their concerns (Liem and Martin 2012). However, the proper motivational aspect would thus be significant enough in fulfilling their requirements and engaging them into the organisational activities. It is to be indicated that if the human resource management can provide the employees the enough motivation, the employees will get the interest to stay and bring out the effective performance skills. As per the case study, the human resource management of Harrods has been arranging the communication session or meetings to interact with the employees and receiving their feedbacks. The employees can raise their concerns during these sessions. The senior managers of Harrods have even set the foundation where the talent of the employees will be reco gnised (Wigfield and Guthrie 2013). The evaluation of such events is quite encouraging for the employees that can contribute the skilled performance for achieving the business goals. Even the retail head will meet the employees once in a month. During that time, the employees can resolve their queries about any of the concerns. Moreover, the participation of the employees during the organisational decision making process is also helpful for engaging the employees for the future prospects. Strategic HRM Process undertaken by Harrods Madhavan (2012) explained that the strategic human resource management is describing the planning of the business procedures for reaching to the pre-determined business goals. The human resource capital is the major requirement for achieving the competitive advantage. Another aspect of the strategic human resource concentrates on the people who are engaged with the activities for implementing plans. The final aspect is considering the systematic approach, which is adopted for defining the achievements of the organisation as per the planning process (Monks et al. 2013). The description of the resource based approach is relevant for defining the theoretical practices of strategic human resource management. In keeping concentration on the strategic human resource management process, the evaluation of the training and development session is necessary. According to Sanders, Shipton and Gomes (2014), the training and development process is concerned as the function of enhancing the performance skills of the employees within an organisation. The training and development session is mainly including three basic segments. The first segment is the training process, which has been focusing on the particular job that is allocated to the individual. The next segment is education, which determines the future aspects that can be beneficial for performing those jobs (Ehrnrooth and Bjrkman 2012). The final segmentation is the suggested activities for the betterment of the future performance. The attempt of improving the performance level is mainly needed while undertaking the session of training and development. Moreover, the strategic human resource management is concentrating on the communicational process, which is the most required field for the betterment of the employees performance level. If the management can frequently communicate with the employees, it helps in understanding their requirements and perceptions regarding their working styles (Alfes et al. 2013). Moreover, the management can convey the organisational needs to achieve the pre-determined goals. Hence, it can be stated that the establishment of the proper communicational strategy will be effective enough in enhancing the performance level of the employees and engaging them with the organisational activities. In keeping focus on the human resource strategy undertaken by Harrods, it has been seen that the management is mainly focusing on the improvement of the communication level (Harrodscareers.com 2016). The line managers used the tools to communicate with the employees informally and understand their specific requirements. The employees even were benefitted, as they can easily recognise the complexities underlying the decision-making process (Downey et al. 2015). The communication channels established by the line managers are thus linking the employees with the organisational process. The establishment of the communication channel describes the major areas of the employees performance that need rectifications and association of the training and development process (Thurgood and Barrick 2015). It has been seen that many of the employees in Harrods are quite efficient in performing their tasks and even they appreciated the managers efforts to monitor or coach their activities. Moreover, t he line manager even is very helpful and ego-less. The manager concentrates on the opinion of the employees during the decision-making process. Therefore, the communication strategy used by the managers in Harrods is much efficient for the betterment of the employees performance level. Recommendation for improvising the HRM and HRD Practices at Harrods It is to be noted that the human resource management is specified as the process of the developing the employees performance level and providing them enough values. The human resource management process is mainly focusing on the three major aspects, such as recruitment and selection, performance level, and development procedures. In case of Harrods, it has been seen that the managers have been much concerned about the development of communication skills with the employees. However, the major issues have been identified in analysing dichotomy between the staff experience and the customer experience. For the short span of time, the company needs to build the trust among the staffs by presenting their efforts and quality level in front of the customers. The development of the organisational culture is also quite effective in such cases. The employee behaviour is needed to be more trained and it will be helpful enough in dealing with the better customer service. Recognition of the different requirements for different departments is also needed to be ensured by the management of Harrods. Therefore, shaping such differences by achieving the initial segmentation can contribute benefits to the organisational process. Minimising the turnover rate is also very much necessary for the manager in Harrods. The arrangements of the effective training process for the beginner are essential. Through the development of the training and education process, the company will be able to identify the skills and talent of the employees. The maintenance of the persistence ethos of Harrods would be beneficial to achieve the success. The maintenance of the communication process is one of the major aspects. The human resource management in Harrods specifically tries to maintain the transparency while communicating with the employees. In such cases, they will be able to share the strategic information with the employees. Even, the wider participation can bring out man y of the innovative ideas. Another major responsibility that the human resource management of Harrods needs to ensure is the proper training and development session. Since, the organisation has been concentrating on exploring bright ideas, it is important to understand the performance skills. Moreover, while engaging the employees within the organisational activities, the management needs to pay attention on the learning factors. Educating the employees about the technologies and the business process will be helpful in increasing their performance level. In fact, the employees can even develop their personal and professional skills through such training and development process. Maintenance of the responsibilities is the most necessary segment for the human resource management. The management should be aware of their proper responsibilities while dealing with the employees and the internal organisational scenario. Providing the employees enough motivational aspect is beneficial. The maintenance of the comfortable scenario helps in enhancing the productivity of the employees performance. Accordingly, the employees skills help in determining effective customer base. Even paying attention to the internal conflicts and fixing those issues are also necessary concerns. The arrangements of the meetings and presenting reports help in measuring the performance analysis. As per the performance analysis report, the human resource management can identify the areas that require improvements. The employees can be engaged with more activities that will serve as the improvisation of organisational performance. Conclusion The study indicates the performance of the human resource management in Harrods. The study includes the skilled procedures of maintaining the responsibilities by the human resource management. In the first section of the study, the association of the theoretical practices have been incorporated. Application of the motivational theory is highlighting the requirements of the employees. In focusing on such requirements, the human resource management has been paying attention to the fulfilment of the employees demand. Engaging the employees for the betterment of organisational performance is necessary. Hence, the human resource management needs to focus on the efficient practices for the betterment of the employees performance. Scheduling or arranging the monthly meeting helps in deriving the feedbacks of the employees. Along with the feedback report, the performance report is also needed to be presented. The measurement of the performance analysis report identifies the areas of improvem ents. In keeping the focus on the result, the human resource management of Harrods need to provide the employees proper training and development session for enhancing the performance skills. In fact, employees can even participate in the decision-making process, which serves as one of the motivational aspects. The concentration on these requirements would help the human resource management in improvising the key practices. References Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement.Human resource management,52(6), pp.839-859. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Arslan, A. and Staub, S., 2013. Theory X and Theory Y Type Leadership Behavior and its Impact on Organizational Performance: Small Business Owners in the Ã… ¾ishane Lighting and Chandelier District.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,75, pp.102-111. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Downey, S.N., Werff, L., Thomas, K.M. and Plaut, V.C., 2015. The role of diversity practices and inclusion in promoting trust and employee engagement.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,45(1), pp.35-44. Ehrnrooth, M. and Bjrkman, I., 2012. An integrative HRM process theorization: Beyond signalling effects and mutual gains.Journal of Management Studies,49(6), pp.1109-1135. Harrodscareers.com, 2016. About Harrods | Harrods Careers. [online] Harrodscareers.com. Available at: https://www.harrodscareers.com/about-harrods/ [Accessed 16 Mar. 2016]. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Liem, G.A.D. and Martin, A.J., 2012. The Motivation and Engagement Scale: Theoretical framework, psychometric properties, and applied yields.Australian Psychologist,47(1), pp.3-13. Madhavan, D., 2012. Role of HRM in Creating Sustainable HR Practices for Organizational Development.Todays HR for a Sustainable Tomorrow,1, p.15. Mone, E.M. and London, M., 2014.Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Monks, K., Kelly, G., Conway, E., Flood, P., Truss, K. and Hannon, E., 2013. Understanding how HR systems work: the role of HR philosophy and HR processes.Human resource management journal,23(4), pp.379-395. Russ, T.L., 2013. The relationship between Theory X/Y: assumptions and communication apprehension.Leadership Organization Development Journal,34(3), pp.238-249. Sanders, K., Shipton, H. and Gomes, J.F., 2014. Guest Editors Introduction: Is the HRM Process Important? Past, Current, and Future Challenges.Human Resource Management,53(4), pp.489-503. Thurgood, G.R. and Barrick, M.R., 2015, January. Individual Differences and the Differential Impact of Strategic HRM Practices on Engagement. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 11800). Academy of Management. Wigfield, A. and Guthrie, J.T., 2013. Motivation for reading: An overview.Motivation for Reading: Individual, Home, Textual, and Classroom Perspectives: A Special Issue of Educational Psychologist,32(2), pp.57-58.

Gender Stereotypes In Advertising Essays - Absolut Vodka, Marketing

Gender Stereotypes In Advertising Gender Stereotypes In Advertising Have you ever thought about the way that you feel after you see a really funny commercial, or a commercial that shocks you to the point where you know your going to think about it for the rest of the day? By simply stating the name of a specific company, is it possible for you to tell me their slogan___ is the place for the hardware man.? Slogans like this are there to keep your attention, whether it be sexually, athletically, or by shock-value. These sexually-charged slogans are not by accident (such as the ?hardware man?). They are put there for the very reason so you will think about them for the rest of the day. The perfect slogan or advertisement can go on for generations, and can sometimes carry a corporation. One of these firms that you might say has been carried by their history of ad campaigns is Absolut Vodka. They can be all over the place, in magazines or even on TV, the way that these Absolut ads can turn anything from a woman's body to a brick wall into the shape of their bottle. Shaped the same way as a common liquor or wine bottle, yet still everyone knows that this ad is Absolut-ly Absolut. The perfect example of a mental monopoly is by seeing a solid black magazine ad with a bottle cut out of it; the first thought to cross the consumer's mind is that of the Absolut bottle. The surprise comes when the page is turned and the reader is bombarded with images of scantly clad men and women. Now the double take occurs when not only the traditional Absolut advertising ploy is present but also, this campaign is based around a sexual stereotype. Even established businesses will use gender roles to further product recognition. Because Absolut Vodka uses several ploys that highlight gender stereotypes in an effort to sell their product, consumers need to be aware that drinking this alcohol wil l not guarantee happiness or satisfaction with members of the opposite sex. Individual advertisement examples are clearly shown in the first advertisement of a man seemingly climbing a sheet of ice with the silhouette of the Absolut bottle protruding from the side of the mountain. Although many women love the hardcore aspects of ?conquering? the outdoors, it is generally thought of as a man's passion to get outside and explore. While this is not the traditional Absolut ad with the mountain actually resembling the bottle of liquor it does do an excellent job of getting its point across with subtle gender bias. Until actually examining an advertisement, it is hard to notice the gender roles that shine through so strongly. In this very ad, at a glance it looks as if they are simply stating that their vodka is strong and on the edge, while in reality this is the Swiss company's way of appealing to the male gender. Suddenly a few pages later the dangerous, and on the edge drink, has been transformed into a lighthearted woman. It is the same as realizing that the woman in the beer commercial is staring at you almost as if to be saying that by purchasing this drink the consumers appeal to this woman has skyrocketed. It is an ingenious way of marketing to different types of people, whether they be male, female, hetero- or homosexual, it is a simple fact that by going through sexual desire companies will sell more of their product.. Using the same stereotype this next ad implies that a woman would rather drink a vodka that is seen to be traditionally stylish and smooth rather then the hard, rough going- down drink that we saw in the preceding advertisement. This Absolut ad takes the scenic route employing a feathered scarf draped over the now elegant looking bottle. The spotlight is focused upon the bottle giving the idea that this is the drink that the important and beautiful people drink. In this scenario it is supposed to remind us of the days when glamorous movie stars walked the runway for their picture premiere; it is an old-school attitude that they try to turn into a successful advertisement. Although

An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay Example

An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay Example An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay The Korean peninsula is located in the northeasterly portion of Asia. The southern half of the peninsula boundary lines on the east sea and the Yellow Sea. To the North, Korea portions its boundary line with China and Russia. Besides the mainland peninsula, Korea besides has approximately 3,000 islands. Japan ruled Korea from 1910 boulder clay 1945. Subsequently the peninsula was divided into two parts and this led to a cold war. After the Korean War ( 1950-1953 ) , Korea remained split into two parts- the Republic of Korea ( ROK ) and the Democratic People s Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) . A demilitarized zone was established with the US set uping a base with soldiers near to this zone in South Korea ( issd.org 2004 ) . The Republic of Korea ( ROK ) is ideally situated geographically in Asia. It is close to China, the new taking economic system in the universe. Japan is besides close-by and a good trading spouse. Furthermore, Singapore, a stable economic state is a close trade spouse and India, which is fast going the 2nd economic system in the universe is back uping the South Korean economic system. The Republic of Korea ( ROK ) authorities was officially established on August 15, 1948. The caput of province is the President. He is the state s representative in international personal businesss. When the President is absent, so the Prime Minister stands in for him and Acts of the Apostless as president. The premier Minister s function is that of executive helper to the President. An executive subdivision, of which the President is caput, consists of the premier Minister, the Cabinet, 15 executive ministries and 16 independent bureaus. This includes the Jeju Special Autonomous state ( issd.org 2004 ) . Society South Korea has a strong political system led by a president with a batch of power. Presidential elections are held every 5 old ages and the whole state ballot for him. The President elects his Prime Minister. The Legislature is elected every 4 old ages and consists of the National assembly.243 of the 299 seats of the national assembly is by voting. The remainder is appointed by political parties. The ROK has 9 states and 7 provincial- degree metropoliss. Koreans are of one cultural group and background. As at the terminal of 2002, the state s population stood at about 47,640,000. Now it stands at about 48,636,068 ( July 2010 est. ) Life anticipation as at 2001 was estimated at 76.5 old ages, and now in 2010 it is 79.8 old ages. The state is ranked at 12th in the Human Development Index, 2010.Gross National Income ( GNI ) per capita ( 2010 ) is $ 29,518 ( UNHDI 2010 ) . Literacy Rate: It is estimated that all over the age of 15 and over can read and compose. The literacy rate for the entire population stands at 97.9 % . For males it is 99.2 % and for females it is 96.6 % ( 2002 ) ( CIA Factbook 2010 ) . Environment The state has a entire surface country of 99,720 sq kilometer of which the land country is 96,920 sq kilometer. H2O country is about 2,800 sq kilometer and the seashore line is 2,413 kilometres ( CIA Factbook 2010 ) . The state s land mass is largely made up of mountains, turn overing hills and highlands. There are broad coastal fields to the West and the South. A negative consequence of the fast growth industrialisation and developing economic system every bit good as urbanisation has caused a batch of pollution to the environment. ( OECD/IEA 2003 ) .Fortunately the authorities has acknowledge this as a job and has introduced programs to clean the environment and protect it. Pollution of air and H2O every bit good as the environment are chief issues to turn to. Most of them are connected to wellness jobs. By the terminal of the 1980s the authorities launched an environmental policy to look at get the better ofing the jobs. The Korean Environmental bureau became a Ministry in 1990. The state started turn toing its jobs and started following and paying attending to international pacts in footings of pollution, such as the Kyoto-Protocol ( iisd.org 2004 ) . Climate: Korea is portion of the monsoon country in Asia. It has a temperate clime. There are four distinguishable seasons. Traveling air from Asia influences the conditions more than air from the Pacific ocean. Winters are long and cold with snow. In contrast, the summers are short, hot and humid. The Spring and Autumn seasons are nice but short. Average temperatures in Seoul in January is approximately -5C to 2.5C. IN July it is pleasant at about 22 25C. There is adequate rainfall in Korea to assist agribusiness. Rainfall is about neer less than 75cm and sometimes it goes every bit high as 100cm. Rainfall nevertheless can change and dry seasons or drouth can happen. Most rain falls between June and September. The state does non acquire typhoons like Japan. About 1 to 3 typhoons can go on yearly. These can convey heavy rain with deluging which can do tonss of harm and deceases. In 1984 such a typhoon and inundations caused deceases of about 190 people and left 200,000 people stateless ( Cou ntry Studies ) . Local Culture: South Koreans have traditions and cultural activities that span 1000s of old ages. However, there have been recent lifestyle alterations. These are as in other states mostly due to modernisation and a fast turning economic system. Tied to this are the higher incomes from occupations and this leads to consumerism. Lifestyle alterations and a higher younger population addition critical positions of old-style civilization and traditions. So there is a clang between younger people and older people in footings of civilization and traditions. Clothing is but one such factor. Manner, coming from Western states, has a singular influence on people. This leads to fashion-consciousness and Westernization. More money leads to more purchasing and shopping. Electronicss besides has a major influence on immature peoples lives. South Korea manufactures hi-tech merchandises and these are used widely, such as nomadic phones, computing machines and the cyberspace. Many people are taking occupations h armonizing to their aptitudes and abilities and non merely for the income. Higher incomes have made it possible for people to pass more clip and money on leisure activities. Leisure activity disbursement has increased from 10 % to 25 % of entire family disposable income. Despite this variegation of life style, many people still maintain a traditional life style whereby the household ideals are treasured. Besides, that the organisation is more of import than the person ( PWC 2005 ) . Buyer behaviour: As the economic system in South Korea developed and people became more employed, so demand for assorted merchandises increased. Consumer behaviour in the field of touristry is noteworthy. In 2009 Korean Air celebrated 40 old ages of being in service and the demand for abroad travel increased. Besides, the domestic market welcomed many tourers to Korea. Samsung developed hotels and Hyundai supplied autos to the auto rental market. Millions of Koreans travelled out of Korea and this figure was set to turn by approximately 8.6 % ( Au A ; Jung 2009 ) . The Korean people and consumers shortly became trade name and monetary value medium as in other booming economic systems. Peoples would shop as their incomes allow. The higher income groups would shop in up-market stores and countries, purchasing expensive branded merchandises. Lower income groups will still shop in lower-end section shops and markets. Even during the Korean economic slack in 1997- 1999. Buying merely slowed down, but did non halt. Even the recent universe economic crisis did non halt purchasing wholly, it merely slowed down. Consumer disbursement besides affects the South Korean furniture market which amounted to over US $ 5 billion in the twelvemonth 2009. It is a big market, when compared with the other 60 states monitored by CSIL. This market was executing good during the twelvemonth before the fiscal crisis. As for future tendencies, CSIL prognosiss are for a stable state of affairs for the twelvemonth 2010 and a moderate recovery for the twelvemonth 2011 and2012 ( CSIL Milano 2010 ) . ROK Economy: South Korea did non go a to the full developed state overnight ; it is still developing. It can be said that South Korea, though technically Less Economically developed, it is classified as a freshly industrialized state ( NIC ) . The sudden and rapid economic development and growing started at a rate and gait non seen since World War II. NIC states are those that have non reached the position of a developed state. However, it has outpaced other developing states. After WW II, South Korea was dependent on assistance from the US. In 1961 South Korea underwent an internal revolution. The states swayers embarked on a series of 5 twelvemonth programs to go self-supporting. The 5-year programs were devised to convey economic prosperity, wealth and political stableness. One end was to cut down importing of goods and instead bring forth locally. Another end was to export manufactured goods and so stimulate industrialisation. Development: The five-year programs 1962 -1966 a focal point on fabrics ; do South Korea self-sufficient 1967- 1971 move the province into production of heavy industry 1971 1976 Continue to switch the province in to heavy industry ( including Fe and steel ) 1977 1981 the development of industries ; the purpose is to vie on universe markets ( do electronics and autos ) 1982 -1986 -Goal to make high-technology merchandises 1987 -91 go oning on the ends of old 5-year programs 1992 1996 investigate and get down developing aerospace A ; micro technology. It was through the 5-year programs that South Korea changed from an developing state after WW II to an economic giant and a thriving economic system in the universe. At present it is home to a hi-tech and industrialised fabrication economic system. Its finished merchandises of high-end electronics and autos are exported all over the universe. The quality of its merchandises is high and sought after. Electronicss by LG and Samsung every bit good as autos by Hyundai and Kia are sold worldwide. It was merely possible to make so by holding a skilled work force. To achieve this state invested a batch of its GDP in instruction. The planetary economic downswing and recession affected Korea merely like other states. Despite this, Korea is in the favorable place that recovery is possible. This is the anticipation by the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . The anticipation is based on the state s economic footing. The anchor of Korea is its sound and developed industries which make merchandises that are renowned for its quality and technological promotions. Shipbuilding has made Korea the universe s leader in this field. Semiconductors and shows are besides extremely ranked. Today Korea has one of the fastest turning economic systems in the universe and the taking economic system in Asia ( korea.net 2010 ) . Korea which has a topographic point on the G20 states is expected to turn the 5th fastest of all the member states. It is predicted that if growing is sustained that it will travel up into 4th place in 2011. At a meeting in September 2010 held by the G20 Finance and Central Bank Deputies, the growing for Korea is estimated at 6.1 % for 2010. It is predicted that growing for 2011 will be about 4.5 % . China, its neighbor, is presently turning at 10.5 % , and India is following at 9.4 % . The strong fiscal militias of Korea and its fight in exports is assisting the state to come out of the economic downswing. The IMF and G20 states are impressed with Korea s ability to get the better of the economic recession whereas other states are fighting to make so ( C. Ji-Eon 2010 ) . The organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) ranks Korea foremost in footings of its member states. Datas by the OECD shows Korea s GDP rate growing to hold increased by 7.1 % compared with that of last twelvemonth. Korea shows the highest rate of the 17 OECD states who submitted informations. A strong point of Korea s economic system is its competitory power in footings of fabrication industries. This helped the economic system to retrieve. Besides, domestic ingestion every bit good as investing helped the economic system to retrieve. Korea is besides the lone state that has grown four consecutive quarters since the 3rd one-fourth last twelvemonth. Korea s economic growing in the 2nd one-fourth last twelvemonth was at minus 2.1 % , but increased by 1.1 % following one-fourth. In the 4th one-fourth last twelvemonth, growing was 6.1 % , while growing in the first one-fourth of this twelvemonth was 8.1 % and 7.1 % growing in the 2nd one-fourth. Meanwhile, German y reported the highest first one-fourth growing at 2.2 % in the first one-fourth compared with the first one-fourth of 2010, followed by Korea ( 1.5 % ) , Slovakia and Sweden ( 1.2 % ) , and The UK ( 1.1 % ) ( J. Seoyoung Choi ) . Korea is ranked eleventh among OECD states, demoing a excess of 1.28 billion dollars in its international balance of payments in 2010. This is harmonizing to OECD Quarterly National Accounts information released August 25, 2010.In this study 12 of the 32 OECD member states showed a excess in the first one-fourth of 2010. Japan showed the largest excess, with 50.2 billion dollars, followed by Germany with 39.7 billion, Switzerland with 20.6 billion, Norway with 14.7 billion, and the Netherlands with 12.5 billion dollars. Korea placed 11th, following Austria ( 1.48 billion dollars ) and Chile ( 1.3 billion dollars ) .A In contrast with this, the US showed a shortage of $ 109 billion followed by Spain with $ 23.4 billion and Italy with $ 19.4 billion in the first Quarter. Korea showed a shortage of $ 7.5 billion in the 3rd One-fourth of 2008, nevertheless, the state rebounded and showed excesss for 6 consecutive Living quarterss since so ( J. Seoyoung Choi 2010 ) . Korea and the G20 in 2010: Korea played host in November 2010 to the leaders of the G20 states in Seoul. They met to discourse the universe economic indexs as states come out of the fiscal crisis. The chief purpose was to see how to stabilise economic systems, travel frontward and seek and excite growing. For Korea, an emerging economic system and state, this was something to be proud of. At last it has earned a topographic point among former taking economic systems. Other organic structures present were the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , the World Bank every bit good as the Financial Stability Board. This meeting of the G20 represented more than 85 % of the universe economic system. Past G20 determinations were once more revisted and the meeting pledged to co-operate to and to reform international fiscal organisations to side-step a repetition of the present planetary fiscal convulsion. State Evaluation: ROK has proven that it has a strong, turning economic system. It has a high literacy rate and tonss of skilled workers. It has proven to fabricate many merchandises, such as electronics and autos of high quality. South Korea is a prima state of all new emerging economic systems and is extremely rated by the OECD, IMF, G20, G8 and other international organic structures and organisations. The state has developed quickly despite the fiscal crisis in Asia in the late 1980s -1990s. Now it has tremendous hard currency militias and is turning quickly in the economic field. While other economic systems are seeking to acquire out of the planetary recession, Korea is traveling in front at a speedy gait. SWOT Analysis: South Korea Strengths Great industries Strong, turning economic system Strong trading spouses Member of G20 High literacy rate Skilled workers Biggest shipwright in universe Failings Weather: inundations ; drouth Cutback of purchasing by states Environmental harm: industries Far from merchandising spouses: Europe Opportunities New trading spouses: exports Local consumers Leader in engineering Menaces Political differences with North Korea Other fabricating states: China Loss of trading spouses FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS: SOUTH KOREA The Korean Government announced in October 2010 that Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) in the state has slowed down and the Numberss have dropped by 13.1 % in the 3rd One-fourth compared to a twelvemonth ago. The chief grounds given are a stronger currency ( Kwon ) and a slow recovery of the planetary investing market. The sum as FDI is US $ 2.93 billion in July-September. Last twelvemonth at the same clip the figure stood at $ 3.37 billion. The cumulative DI for the first 9 months came to $ 7.26 billion which was down by 9.4 % of the sum in 2009.The currency ( WON ) stood at 1,164.4 to $ 1 US from January- September 2010, compared to 1,314.9 WON in 2009. Although this is a negative for Korea, other states are every bit affected due to the planetary economic recession. China is one of Korea s best FDI counries. The FDI from the US, Japan and European Union, former strong FDI s dropped by about 41.1 % due to the economic crisis in the mentioned states. However, Japan remains one of th e largest FDI states, holding invested more than $ 1 billion in 2010, although this is down by 42.7 % compared to the Nipponese FDI of 2009. IN contrast, the Chinese FDI stood at 127.2 % up for 2010, with $ 330 million investings. In-between eastern Countries FDI went up to 390 % at $ 167 million ( YonHapNews 2010 ) . A A A A A A Following are facts and figures up to 2006 of FDI by Korea to India ; it is interesting to compare this with the above influx of FDI into Korea. FDI SYNOPSIS ON SOUTH KOREA ( as on 30.06.2006 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dipp.nic.in/korea/fdi_synopsis_korea.pdf FDI inflows A ; blessings: oˆ‚?iˆ Accumulative FDI influxs ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) during 1991-2006 ( up to June ) is US $ 40.63 billion, including sum of acquisition of bing portions ( upto 1999 ) , RBIs-NRI Schemes, stock swapped A ; progress pending for issue of portions. oˆ‚?iˆ South Korea ranks 9th A ; Cumulative FDI inflows ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) from South Korea is US $ 0.76 billion ( 2.07 % ) , excepting FDI influxs received for acquisition of bing portions ( upto 1999 ) , RBIs-NRI Schemes, stock swapped A ; progress pending for issue of portions. oˆ‚?iˆ Total FDI blessings ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) during the last 15 old ages are over US $ 70.33 billion. oˆ‚?iˆ South Korea ranks 5th A ; histories for approximately 3.78 % with FDI blessings ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) of US $ 2.67 billion of the entire investing blessings. Top Sectors attracted FDI Inflows A ; blessings: oˆ‚?iˆ Top sectors pulling FDI blessings ( from August 1991 to June 2006 ) from South Korea are Transportation Industry ( 38.17 % ) , Fuels ( power A ; oil refinery ) ( 32.46 % ) , Electrical Equipments ( including computing machine package A ; electronics ) ( 10.62 % ) , Chemicals ( other than fertiliser ) ( 6.07 % ) and Commercial, Office A ; House-hold Equipments ( 3.94 % ) . oˆ‚?iˆ Top sectors pulling FDI influxs ( from January 2000 to June 2006 ) from South Korea are Electrical Equipments ( including computing machine package A ; electronics ) ( 41.49 % ) , Metallurgical Industries ( 26.13 % ) , Food Processing Industries ( 9.81 % ) , Transportation Industry ( 6.69 % ) A ; Industrial Machinery ( 1.69 % ) . Technical coactions: oˆ‚?iˆ Total ( overall ) proficient coactions during the last 15 old ages ( Nos. ) 7,792. oˆ‚?iˆ South Korea has been granted 228 proficient coactions ( 2.93 % of the sum ) since, 1991. oˆ‚?iˆ Top five sectors pulling engineering transportation from South Korea are Transportation Industry ( 55 nos. ) , Electrical Equipments ( including computing machine package A ; electronics ) ( 48 nos. ) , Chemicals ( other than fertiliser ) ( 19 nos. ) , Misc. Mechanical Engg. Industries ( 14 nos. ) A ; Metallurgical Industries ( 13 nos. ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fdi.net/country/images/korea.jpg ROK A ; the UAE The UAE is traveling in front to construct atomic reactor workss to bring forth electricity. South Korea has won the contract to construct the atomic workss here in the UAE. The Korean engineering every bit good as their expertness secured the contracts and the building will shortly get down.

Why did Capitalism first appear in Britiain rathen than any other area Essay

Why did Capitalism first appear in Britiain rathen than any other area in the world - Essay Example To know why it started in England also gives us an insight on the many factors that made it successful there despite early misgivings about this system. Although England already had characteristics of the rudimentary form of capitalism by 1815, it did not immediately take hold because the wealth and power structure of the country had not changed yet. This simply means the old feudal system was not yet completely erased in which peoples wealth were measured by an amount of land they possessed. In other words, the country at that time was still largely anchored on an agricultural economy. The majority of people still depended on the produce of the land for their sustenance as income source. The other countries on continental Europe were largely weakened by frequent wars. It was only England which had remained largely untouched because it was separated from the continent by the English Channel and was therefore insulated from its ill effects. However, it must be conceded that other factors conspired to make England especially favorable to large scale developments in terms of capital and labor. The first big industries of coal mining and its related iron and steel industries were located in close proximity in England (SÃ ©e 139). England was a major sea power at the beginnings of the nineteenth century and it gave the country undisputed dominion of the high seas. With its tremendous sea dominance, it gave England unfettered access to much of the import and export trade in agricultural commodities such as cotton for its burgeoning textile industry, back then a key element in modernization of any country. France, which was the sole European power to seriously challenge England, was weak from the big wars of the Napoleonic era and then convulsed by its own revolution which followed to establish the first French republic. England was uniquely positioned to take some advantage of this turmoil. A study of the early economic history